Use a #16 cookie scoop to portion the dough into balls weighing about 2.8 ounces each. Set aside on a piece of parchment paper.
Portion the filling with a 2-tablespoon cookie scoop and roll into balls of about 1.1 ounces each. About 3.6 ounces will be left over and used on top of the cookies. Set the filling aside on a piece of parchment paper.
Roll out the balls of dough into an oval shape. I like to use a pastry roller, rolling a few times in one direction and then a couple of times in the other. Gently peel the rolled dough off the parchment and place one of the filling balls in the center.
Pinch the long ends together, then pinch the rest of the dough up around the sides, gently pressing to seal.
Roll between your palms to smooth out and shape into a ball. Place the dough on a large parchment-lined baking sheet and repeat with the remaining dough and filling.
Top each of the cookie balls with about .3 ounces of the leftover filling. You can just break this up and gently press it into the top; it doesn't need to look perfect.
Press some of the ⅓ cup sliced almonds into the tops of the cookies and transfer the pan to the refrigerator to chill (uncovered) for 45 minutes. You'll also want to chill an additional large baking pan (12x17-inch recommended) for baking during this time.
Preheat the oven to 350°F with about 30 minutes left of chilling.
Place 6 cookies on the chilled parchment-lined 12x17-inch pan and bake for 18 to 24 minutes, rotating halfway through. 18 to 19 minutes yield cookies with a barely golden edge that are soft and sweet. 22 to 23 minutes yield cookies that are more golden in color, have a crisp exterior, and a more robust caramelized sugar flavor. We preferred the latter, but the TikTok version is more on the soft side.
Allow the cookies to cool on the pan and bake off the other batch using the pan they were originally chilling on.
Once the last batch of cookies has cooled on the pan for at least 10 minutes, dust all of the baked cookies lightly with 3 tablespoons powdered sugar.